Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive condition that affects how the intestines function. It can cause ongoing abdominal discomfort and changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea, constipation, or both.
Quick Facts
- IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (no visible structural damage)
- Symptoms often come and go over time
- Common triggers include stress, diet, and hormonal changes
- It does not increase the risk of colon cancer
- Symptoms can often be managed with lifestyle changes
Symptoms
Common symptoms of IBS include:
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Bloating or gas
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both)
Other symptoms may include mucus in stool or a feeling of incomplete bowel movements. IBS can sometimes be confused with other digestive conditions such as constipation, diarrhea, or food intolerances
Causes
The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of factors affecting gut function.
Possible causes include:
- Changes in gut motility (how quickly food moves through the digestive tract)
- Increased sensitivity of the intestines
- Stress and the gut-brain connection
- Certain foods or dietary triggers
- Changes in gut bacteria
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Are under age 50
- Have a history of anxiety or stress
- Have a family history of IBS
- Are female (IBS is more common in women)
- Have had a prior gastrointestinal infection
Treatments
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and identifying triggers.
Common treatment options include:
- Dietary changes (such as increasing fiber or following a low-FODMAP diet)
- Stress management and lifestyle modifications
- Medications to manage diarrhea, constipation, or abdominal pain
More advanced treatments may be considered for persistent or severe symptoms.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if symptoms are persistent, worsening, or affecting daily life. You should also seek care if you experience symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, blood in stool, or severe pain, as these may indicate another condition.
