Ear Infection
An ear infection occurs when bacteria or viruses cause inflammation in the middle ear. It is especially common in children but can affect adults as well.
Quick Facts
- Most common in children under age 5
- Often follows a cold or upper respiratory infection
- Can cause ear pain and temporary hearing issues
- Many mild cases resolve on their own
- Some cases may require antibiotics
Symptoms
Common symptoms of an ear infection include:
- Ear pain or pressure
- Trouble hearing or muffled hearing
- Fever
Other symptoms may include fluid drainage, irritability (in children), or difficulty sleeping. Ear infections can sometimes feel like a clogged or blocked ear, especially early on.infections can sometimes be confused with sinus infections or colds.
Causes
Ear infections occur when fluid builds up behind the eardrum and becomes infected.
In some cases, pressure from fluid buildup can lead to a ruptured eardrum, which may cause pain relief but requires medical evaluation.
Common causes include:
- Bacterial or viral infections
- Upper respiratory infections
- Blocked Eustachian tubes
- Allergies
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Are a young child
- Have frequent colds or infections
- Attend daycare or group settings
- Have allergies
- Are exposed to smoke
Treatments
Treatment depends on severity and cause.
Common treatment options include:
- Pain relief medications
- Monitoring mild cases
- Antibiotics when bacterial infection is suspected
More advanced care may be needed for recurrent infections.
Note: Avoid inserting objects into the ear to remove wax, as this can worsen symptoms or cause injury. Learn how to safely clean ear wax at home.
When to Seek Care
See a primary care provider, or specialist like an otolaryngologist (ENT), if symptoms are severe, last more than a few days, or include high fever or drainage from the ear.
