Diabetes (Type 1 & Type 2)
Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how the body regulates blood sugar (glucose). Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body cannot produce insulin, while Type 2 diabetes develops when the body does not use insulin effectively or produces too little.
Quick Facts
- Diabetes affects how the body converts food into energy
- Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition
- Type 2 diabetes is the most common form
- Blood sugar management is essential to prevent complications
- Early diagnosis and treatment improve long-term health outcomes
Symptoms of diabetes may vary by type and severity and can include:
- Increased thirst and frequent urination
- Fatigue or weakness
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing wounds
- Unexplained weight loss (more common in Type 1)
- Increased hunger
- Numbness or tingling in hands or feet
What Causes Diabetes?
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes develops when the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The exact cause is unknown but is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Contributing factors include lifestyle, genetics, and metabolic health.
Risk factors for Type 1 diabetes may include:
- Family history of Type 1 diabetes
- Genetic predisposition
Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes may include:
- Overweight or obesity
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Family history of diabetes
- Age over 45
- History of gestational diabetes
- High blood pressure or abnormal cholesterol levels
Treatment Options for Diabetes
Diabetes treatment focuses on controlling blood sugar levels and reducing the risk of complications. Treatment options may include:
- Insulin therapy
- Oral or injectable diabetes medications
- Blood sugar monitoring
- Nutrition and meal planning
- Physical activity and weight management
- Ongoing medical monitoring and education
