High Cholesterol
High cholesterol means elevated levels of lipids (fats) in your blood, particularly LDL (low-density lipoprotein), often called “bad” cholesterol. Over time, this can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and atherosclerosis. High cholesterol typically has no symptoms and is often found through routine blood tests.
Quick Facts
- High cholesterol often has no symptoms
- It can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke
- LDL (“bad” cholesterol) contributes to plaque buildup in arteries
- HDL (“good” cholesterol) helps remove excess cholesterol
- Routine blood tests are the best way to monitor levels
Symptoms
High cholesterol is usually asymptomatic. In some cases, complications may cause:
- Chest pain (angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Symptoms related to heart disease or stroke
Causes
High cholesterol can develop from a combination of lifestyle and genetic factors.
Common causes include:
- Diet high in saturated or trans fats
- Lack of physical activity
- Genetics (familial hypercholesterolemia)
- Underlying conditions such as diabetes
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Eat a diet high in processed or fatty foods
- Are overweight or obese
- Have a sedentary lifestyle
- Have diabetes or high blood pressure
- Have a family history of high cholesterol or heart disease
- Smoke or use tobacco products
Treatments
Treatment focuses on lowering cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular risk.
Common treatment options include:
- Lifestyle changes such as a heart-healthy diet, exercise, and weight management
- Statin medications to lower LDL cholesterol
- Other medications such as ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors
More advanced treatments may be considered for high-risk or persistent cases.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if you have risk factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of heart disease. Routine screening is important, especially if you are over age 20 or have concerns about your cholesterol levels.
