Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when your body loses more fluids than it takes in, making it difficult to carry out normal functions. Water is essential for regulating temperature, maintaining blood pressure, and supporting organ function. Dehydration can range from mild to severe and may develop quickly, especially during illness, heat exposure, or physical activity.
Quick Facts
- Occurs when fluid loss exceeds fluid intake
- Can be caused by illness, heat, or inadequate hydration
- More common in children and older adults
- Mild cases are often treatable at home
- Severe dehydration may require urgent medical care
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on severity but commonly include:
- Thirst and dry mouth
- Dark-colored urine or reduced urination
- Fatigue or dizziness
More severe symptoms may include nausea, confusion, rapid heart rate, yellow eyes, yor fainting. Dehydration can sometimes occur alongside conditions like diarrhea, vomiting, or fever.
Causes
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids faster than they are replaced.
Common causes include:
- Illness with vomiting or diarrhea
- Excessive sweating from heat or exercise
- Not drinking enough fluids
- Certain medications (such as diuretics)
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Are a young child or older adult
- Are physically active or exposed to high temperatures
- Have an illness causing fluid loss
- Have chronic conditions such as diabetes
- Have limited access to fluids
Treatments
Treatment focuses on restoring fluid balance.
Mild dehydration can often be treated by increasing fluid intake, including water and oral rehydration solutions that replace electrolytes.
More severe cases may require medical care, including intravenous (IV) fluids to quickly restore hydration levels.
Preventing dehydration is also important, especially during illness, exercise, or hot weather.
When to Seek Care
Seek medical care if symptoms are severe, do not improve with fluids, or include confusion, fainting, or inability to keep fluids down.
Infants, older adults, and people with chronic conditions should seek care sooner if dehydration is suspected.
