Strep Throat
Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A strep). It leads to a sore, painful throat and can spread easily through respiratory droplets.
Quick Facts
- Caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria
- Most common in children and teens, but can affect adults
- Spreads through coughing, sneezing, or close contact
- Requires antibiotics for proper treatment
- Early treatment helps prevent complications
Symptoms
Common symptoms of strep throat include:
- Sudden sore throat and pain when swallowing
- Fever
- Red, swollen tonsils (sometimes with white patches)
Other symptoms may include headache, swollen lymph nodes, or fatigue. Strep throat can sometimes be mistaken for mononucleosis (mono), as both conditions may cause a severe sore throat and swollen lymph nodes.
Causes
Strep throat is caused by infection with group A Streptococcus bacteria.
It spreads through:
- Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
- Close contact with an infected person
- Sharing food, drinks, or utensils
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Are in close contact with others (schools, workplaces)
- Have frequent exposure to children
- Have a weakened immune system
- Are in environments where infections spread easily
Treatments
Treatment focuses on eliminating the infection and relieving symptoms.
Common treatment options include:
- Antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection
- Over-the-counter medications for pain and fever
- Rest and hydration
Most people begin to feel better within a few days of starting antibiotics.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if you have a persistent sore throat, fever, or difficulty swallowing. You should also seek care if symptoms worsen, do not improve within a few days, or if you suspect strep throat rather than a viral illness.
