Concussion
A concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head or body that disrupts normal brain function. It is common in sports but can occur in falls, accidents, or other impacts. Even though it is considered “mild,” a concussion should be taken seriously and properly evaluated.
Quick Facts
- A form of mild traumatic brain injury
- Often caused by sports or falls
- Symptoms may appear immediately or later
- Does not always involve loss of consciousness
- Proper recovery is important to prevent complications
Symptoms
Symptoms can vary and may affect thinking, balance, and mood. Common symptoms include:
- Headache
- Dizziness or balance problems
- Confusion or difficulty concentrating
Other symptoms may include nausea, sensitivity to light or noise, or memory issues. Concussions can sometimes be mistaken for migraine or fatigue-related conditions.
In children and adolescents, symptoms may be harder to recognize. Younger patients may appear irritable, more emotional, or have changes in sleep or school performance. Some may downplay or ignore symptoms in order to continue playing sports or activities, which can delay diagnosis and recovery.
Causes
Concussions occur when the brain moves rapidly within the skull due to impact.
Common causes include:
- Sports injuries
- Falls
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Direct blows to the head or body
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Participate in contact sports like football and basketball
- Have a history of concussion
- Are involved in high-impact activities
- Do not use protective equipment
Treatments
Treatment focuses on rest and gradual return to activity.
Physical and cognitive rest are important in the early stages. Symptoms are monitored, and activity is slowly reintroduced under medical guidance.
Avoiding a second injury during recovery is critical.
When to Seek Care
Seek care immediately if symptoms worsen or include repeated vomiting, severe headache, confusion, or loss of consciousness.
Concussions should be evaluated by a healthcare provider, such as primary care, sports medicine, or neurology, especially if symptoms persist or interfere with daily activities. Early evaluation helps guide safe recovery and return to activity.
