Achilles Tendon Injury
The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscles to the heel bone and is essential for walking, running, and jumping. Injuries can range from tendonitis (inflammation) to a partial or complete rupture. These injuries are common in athletes and in people who suddenly increase activity levels.
Quick Facts
Symptoms
Symptoms vary by severity but may include:
- Pain or stiffness in the back of the ankle
- Swelling or tenderness along the tendon
- Difficulty pushing off the foot or walking
A rupture may cause a sudden sharp pain or a popping sensation. Achilles injuries can sometimes be confused with ankle sprains, calf strains, and plantar fasciitis.
Causes
Achilles injuries are often caused by overuse or sudden strain.
Common causes include:
- Repetitive stress from running or jumping
- Sudden increases in activity
- Tight calf muscles
- Direct injury
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Are physically active, especially in running or sports
- Increase activity level too quickly
- Have tight or weak calf muscles
- Are over age 30
Treatments
Treatment depends on severity.
Mild cases (tendonitis) are typically managed with rest, activity modification, and physical therapy. More severe injuries, such as partial or complete ruptures, may require immobilization or surgery followed by rehabilitation.
Recovery timeline for Achilles Injuries
- Tendonitis: ~4–12 weeks with conservative care
- Partial tear: ~2–4 months
- Complete rupture (surgical or non-surgical): ~6–12 months for full recovery, especially for return to sports
When to Seek Care
Seek care if you experience sudden pain, difficulty walking, or suspect a rupture. Early evaluation is important. You may be referred to a specialist(s), such as a sports medicine doctor, orthopedic surgeon, or physical therapist.
