Rotator Cuff Injury
A rotator cuff injury involves damage to the muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder. These injuries are a common cause of shoulder pain and can develop gradually from overuse or suddenly from injury.
Quick Facts
- One of the most common causes of shoulder pain
- Can involve inflammation, partial tears, or full tears
- Often related to repetitive overhead motion
- More common with aging
- Many cases improve without surgery
Symptoms
Symptoms often worsen with movement and may include:
- Shoulder pain, especially when lifting the arm
- Weakness or difficulty reaching overhead
- Limited range of motion
Some people may notice pain at night or when lying on the affected shoulder. Rotator cuff injuries can sometimes be confused with shoulder impingement or arthritis.
Causes
Rotator cuff injuries may develop from:
- Repetitive overhead activity
- Degeneration over time
- Sudden injury or trauma
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Perform repetitive overhead movements
- Work in manual labor or lifting jobs
- Are over age 40
- Participate in sports like baseball, football (quarterbacks), swimming
Treatments
Treatment depends on severity and functional limitation.
Many cases improve with rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications. Physical therapy focuses on strengthening the shoulder and improving movement.
More severe tears may require injections or surgical repair.
Recovery timeline for rotator cuff injuries
- Mild strain or tendonitis: ~4–8 weeks
- Partial tear: ~2–3 months
- Surgical repair: ~4–6 months for recovery, with full strength returning closer to ~6–9 months
When to Seek Care
Seek care if shoulder pain persists, worsens, or limits your ability to lift or move your arm. Specialists, such as sports medicine specialists, orthopedic surgeons, hand and upper extremity surgeons, and physical therapists, may be referred to assist.
