Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries function. It can cause irregular periods, hormone imbalances, and symptoms that impact metabolism and reproductive health.
Quick Facts
- PCOS affects up to 1 in 10 women of reproductive age
- It is a hormonal and metabolic condition
- Symptoms can vary widely from person to person
- It may affect menstrual cycles, fertility, and weight
- Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage long-term health risks
Symptoms
Common symptoms of PCOS include:
- Irregular or missed menstrual periods
- Excess hair growth on the face or body (hirsutism)
- Acne or oily skin
Other symptoms may include weight gain, thinning hair, or difficulty becoming pregnant.
Causes
The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it is linked to hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance.
Contributing factors may include:
- Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones)
- Insulin resistance affecting how the body processes sugar
- Genetic factors or family history
- Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction
There are also many common misconceptions about PCOS, especially around weight, fertility, and hormone health. You can learn more in our guide on PCOS myths and facts.
Risk Factors
ou may be at higher risk for PCOS if you:
- Have a family history of PCOS or diabetes
- Are overweight or have insulin resistance
- Have irregular menstrual cycles
- Have signs of excess androgen levels
Treatments
Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing long-term health risks.
Common treatment options include:
- Lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight management
- Hormonal medications to regulate menstrual cycles
- Medications to improve insulin sensitivity
More advanced treatments may be considered for severe or persistent cases, including fertility treatments or specialist care when needed.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if you have irregular periods, symptoms of hormone imbalance, or difficulty becoming pregnant. You should also seek care if symptoms are worsening, affecting daily life, or if you have concerns about long-term health risks such as diabetes or heart disease.
