Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), also referred to as peripheral artery disease, occurs when arteries become narrowed and reduce blood flow to the limbs, most often the legs. It is commonly caused by plaque buildup in the arteries. PAD can lead to leg pain with activity and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke if left untreated.
Quick Facts
- Most commonly affects the legs
- Caused by reduced blood flow due to narrowed arteries
- Symptoms may worsen with walking
- Often linked to heart disease and high cholesterol
- Early treatment can reduce complications
Symptoms
Common symptoms of PAD include:
- Leg pain or cramping during walking (claudication)
- Numbness or weakness in the legs
- Coldness in the lower leg or foot
Some people may also notice slow-healing wounds or changes in skin color. Symptoms can sometimes be mistaken for muscle strain or nerve-related pain.
Causes
PAD is usually caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries and restricts blood flow.
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Smoke
- Have diabetes
- Have high cholesterol
- Have high blood pressure
- Are over age 50
Treatments
Treatment focuses on improving circulation and reducing cardiovascular risk.
Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and improving diet are often the first step.
Medications may help improve blood flow and reduce clotting risk. In more advanced cases, procedures may be needed to restore circulation.
When to Seek Care
See a provider if you experience leg pain with walking, non-healing wounds, or symptoms that worsen over time.
