Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or anus. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (under the skin around the anus). Hemorrhoids are common, especially in adults, and while often uncomfortable, they are usually not serious and can be treated.
Quick Facts
- Hemorrhoids can be internal or external
- They are common, especially after age 50
- Symptoms often improve with lifestyle changes
- Straining and constipation are common triggers
- Most cases can be managed without surgery
Symptoms
Common symptoms of hemorrhoids include:
- Bright red blood during bowel movements
- Itching or irritation around the anus
- Pain or discomfort, especially when sitting
Other symptoms may include swelling, a lump near the anus, or mucus discharge after bowel movements. Hemorrhoids can sometimes be mistaken for other conditions, such as anal fissures, that cause rectal bleeding.
Causes
Hemorrhoids develop when pressure increases in the veins of the lower rectum.
Common causes include:
- Straining during bowel movements
- Chronic constipation or diarrhea
- Prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet
- Low-fiber diet
- Pregnancy or increased abdominal pressure
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Have a low-fiber diet
- Sit for long periods
- Are pregnant
- Are overweight or obese
- Are over age 50
- Frequently strain during bowel movements
Treatments
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and reducing pressure on the veins.
Common treatment options include:
- At-home care such as sitz baths, increased fiber, and hydration
- Topical treatments and over-the-counter medications
- Minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or sclerotherapy
More advanced treatments may be considered for severe or persistent cases, including surgical procedures such as hemorrhoidectomy.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if you have persistent pain, bleeding, or symptoms that do not improve with home treatment. You should also seek care if bleeding is frequent or if you are unsure whether symptoms are due to hemorrhoids or another condition.
