Eczema
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It often comes and goes in flares and can affect both children and adults.
Quick Facts
- Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition
- It often begins in childhood but can occur at any age
- Symptoms may flare with triggers like irritants, stress, or weather changes
- It is not contagious
- Most cases can be managed with routine skin care and medications
Symptoms
Common symptoms of eczema include:
- Dry, itchy skin that may worsen at night
- Red or inflamed patches of skin
- Rough, scaly, or thickened skin
Other symptoms may include cracking, oozing, or increased sensitivity.
Causes
Eczema is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that affect the skin barrier. This allows moisture to escape and irritants to enter more easily.
Common triggers include:
- Harsh soaps, detergents, or skincare products
- Allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander
- Cold or dry weather
- Stress or illness
Risk Factors
You may be more likely to develop eczema if you:
- Have a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies
- Have sensitive or dry skin
- Are exposed to frequent irritants or allergens
- Live in a dry or changing climate
Treatments
Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, preventing flares, and protecting the skin.
Common treatment options include:
- Daily use of moisturizers to restore the skin barrier
- Topical medications such as corticosteroids or non-steroid creams
- Avoiding triggers and using gentle skin care products
More advanced treatments may be considered for severe or persistent cases, including allergy patch testing to identify potential contact triggers.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if symptoms are persistent, worsening, or interfering with sleep or daily activities. You should also seek care if the skin becomes painful, infected, or does not improve with over-the-counter treatments. If a rash on the breast does not improve or is accompanied by changes such as redness, swelling, warmth, or skin thickening, it should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
