Dementia
Dementia is a group of conditions that affect memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities, most often caused by progressive brain disorders.
Quick Facts
- Dementia is not a normal part of aging
- It involves a gradual decline in cognitive function
- Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia
- Symptoms worsen over time
- Early diagnosis can help with planning and symptom management
Symptoms
Dementia symptoms vary by type and stage but commonly include:
- Memory loss affecting daily life
- Difficulty with problem-solving or planning
- Confusion about time or place
- Trouble finding words or following conversations
- Changes in mood, personality, or behavior
- Difficulty performing familiar tasks
Causes
Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of nerve cells in the brain, which interferes with communication between brain regions. Causes vary depending on the type of dementia and may include:
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Vascular disease affecting blood flow to the brain
- Lewy body disease
- Frontotemporal disorders
- Traumatic brain injury or other neurological conditions
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk for dementia if you:
- Are older in age
- Have a family history of dementia
- Have cardiovascular disease or diabetes
- Have experienced repeated head injuries
- Have limited physical or cognitive activity
Treatments
There is no cure for most forms of dementia, but treatment focuses on managing symptoms and supporting quality of life. Options may include:
- Medications to help manage memory or behavioral symptoms
- Cognitive therapy or mental stimulation activities
- Management of underlying conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes
- Supportive care for patients and caregivers
- Care planning and safety strategies
When to Seek Care
See a doctor if you or a loved one experiences ongoing memory loss, confusion, or changes in thinking or behavior that interfere with daily life. Early evaluation is important for diagnosis, treatment planning, and support.
