Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. Early stages may have few symptoms, but over time CKD can affect overall health and lead to serious complications.
Quick Facts
- CKD often develops slowly over months or years
- Early stages may not cause noticeable symptoms
- Common causes include diabetes and high blood pressure
- Early detection can help slow progression
- Management focuses on protecting kidney function and overall health
Symptoms
Common symptoms of CKD include:
- Fatigue or low energy
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet
- Changes in urination (frequency, color, or amount)
Other symptoms may include nausea, itching, or difficulty concentrating.
Kidney health may also be linked to other conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. Emerging research is exploring this connection, but more study is needed.
Causes
CKD occurs when conditions damage the kidneys over time, reducing their ability to function properly.
Common causes include:
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Repeated kidney infections or inflammation
- Genetic conditions affecting the kidneys
- Long-term use of certain medications
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk for CKD if you:
- Have diabetes or high blood pressure
- Have a family history of kidney disease
- Are over age 60
- Have heart disease or high cholesterol
- Are overweight or smoke
Treatments
Treatment focuses on slowing disease progression and managing complications.
Common treatment options include:
- Managing blood pressure and blood sugar levels
- Medications to protect kidney function
- Lifestyle changes such as diet and weight management
More advanced treatments may be needed in later stages, including dialysis or kidney transplant when appropriate.
When to Seek Care
See a healthcare provider if you have risk factors such as diabetes or high blood pressure, or symptoms like swelling, fatigue, or changes in urination. Early evaluation is important, especially if symptoms persist or worsen over time.
