Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissue. It usually occurs when bacteria enter through a break in the skin, such as a cut, scrape, insect bite, or surgical wound. Without treatment, cellulitis can spread and lead to serious complications, so early recognition and care are important.
Quick Facts
- A bacterial infection of the skin and soft tissue
- Often caused by Streptococcus or Staphylococcus bacteria
- Commonly affects the lower legs but can occur anywhere
- Typically develops after a break in the skin
- Requires prompt treatment to prevent spread
Symptoms
Symptoms often develop quickly and may worsen over time.
Common symptoms include:
- Redness and swelling of the skin
- Warmth and tenderness in the affected area
- Pain that may increase over time
Other symptoms may include fever, chills, fatigue, or red streaking from the affected area. The skin may appear tight, shiny, or swollen.
Cellulitis can sometimes be confused with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), allergic reactions, or other skin conditions.
Causes
Cellulitis occurs when bacteria enter the skin through an opening.
Common causes include:
- Cuts, scrapes, or wounds
- Insect bites or stings
- Cracked or dry skin
- Surgical incisions
- Skin conditions such as eczema or athlete’s foot
In some cases, cellulitis may be caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), which may require different treatment.
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk if you:
- Have a weakened immune system
- Have diabetes or poor circulation
- Have chronic skin conditions
- Experience frequent swelling in the legs (edema)
- Have a history of cellulitis
Treatments
Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
Mild cases are often treated with oral antibiotics, while more severe infections may require intravenous (IV) antibiotics or hospitalization.
Supportive care, such as elevating the affected area and managing underlying conditions, can help reduce swelling and improve recovery.
When to Seek Care
Seek medical care if you notice spreading redness, increasing pain, fever, or swelling. Early treatment is important to prevent complications.
Seek urgent care if symptoms worsen rapidly, you develop high fever, or the area becomes numb, discolored, or forms blisters.
Cellulitis is typically treated by primary care providers or urgent care, but more severe cases may involve infectious disease specialists or hospital-based care.
