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What Is Long COVID?
Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), refers to symptoms that last weeks or months after the initial infection. For many, these symptoms affect the brain and nervous system, resulting in fatigue, brain fog, or memory problems long after recovery from the virus.
Common Neurological Symptoms
People with long COVID often experience:
- Brain fog — difficulty concentrating or remembering things
- Headaches — chronic or recurring pain
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Severe fatigue that interferes with daily tasks
- Sleep disturbances like insomnia or restless nights
- Numbness or tingling in the hands, feet, or face
- Loss of smell or taste that persists
These symptoms may come and go, and recovery timelines vary widely.
How COVID-19 Affects the Brain
Research continues to uncover how COVID-19 impacts neurological function. Key theories include:
- Inflammation and immune overreaction — the body’s defense system can cause inflammation that disrupts brain activity.
- Blood vessel damage — reduced oxygen delivery and small clots may impair brain function.
- Direct viral effects — in some cases, the virus may invade nervous tissue and disrupt normal signaling.
Who’s Most at Risk?
Anyone can develop neurological symptoms, but risk increases with:
- Severe or repeated COVID-19 infections
- Older age
- Pre-existing health conditions (e.g., diabetes, heart disease)
- Female gender (some studies show higher rates among women)
When to See a Doctor
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden confusion or memory loss
- Severe headaches or vision changes
- Numbness, weakness, or loss of coordination
- Stroke-like symptoms (slurred speech, facial drooping)
Early evaluation by a neurologist or primary care provider can help identify reversible causes and create a treatment plan.
Managing and Treating Brain Fog
Recovery takes time, but several strategies can help:
- Cognitive rehabilitation — puzzles, reading, or memory games stimulate the brain
- Physical therapy — improves circulation and fatigue management
- Medications — targeted relief for headaches, nerve pain, or sleep
- Healthy habits — adequate sleep, hydration, balanced diet, and stress management
Personalized Care at BASS Medical Group
At BASS Medical Group, our neurologists and specialists offer individualized evaluations and treatment for patients with long COVID symptoms. From brain fog to chronic fatigue, we help restore function and quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions About Long COVID
How long does brain fog last after COVID-19?
Brain fog can last anywhere from a few weeks to several months after infection. Most people improve gradually, but persistent symptoms should be evaluated by a neurologist.
Can long COVID permanently affect the brain?
Most people recover over time, but severe or untreated cases may lead to lasting effects on memory or focus. Early care and brain rehabilitation can improve outcomes.
