Yeast Infection
A yeast infection is a common fungal overgrowth, typically caused by Candida albicans. It often affects the vaginal area, but can also occur in the mouth, skin folds, or under the nails. It is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, but sexual activity can trigger symptoms in some people.
Quick Facts
- Condition type: Fungal infection
- Common age group: Adolescents and adults
- Treatable: Yes, with appropriate antifungal treatment
- Emergency: Rarely; seek medical care if symptoms are severe, recurrent, or do not improve
Symptoms
- Itching or burning
- Thick, white discharge (vaginal)
- Redness and swelling
- Discomfort during urination or sex
Causes
- Overgrowth of Candida yeast, most commonly Candida albicans
- Disruption of normal vaginal or skin flora, which normally keeps yeast in balance
- Recent antibiotic use, which can reduce protective bacteria
- Hormonal changes, such as pregnancy or hormonal contraceptive use
- High blood sugar levels, including in people with diabetes
- Weakened immune response, due to illness, stress, or certain medications
- Warm, moist environments, which promote yeast growth
- Irritation or changes in the local environment, such as scented products or tight clothing
Risk Factors
- Age
- Pregnancy
- Chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes)
- Medications
- Lifestyle or occupational factors
Treatments
Self-Care / OTC Options (when appropriate)
- Over-the-counter antifungal creams or suppositories (e.g., miconazole, clotrimazole) for uncomplicated symptoms
- Supportive care: keep the area clean/dry, avoid tight/irritating clothing, avoid scented products that can worsen irritation
Prescription Treatment
- Prescription antifungal medication may be recommended based on symptoms, history, pregnancy status, or recurrence
- Some cases may require a longer course or different regimen, depending on the clinical situation
Recurrent or Complicated Symptoms
Medical evaluation is especially important if:
- Symptoms return frequently (recurrent episodes)
- Symptoms don’t improve after OTC treatment
- You are pregnant, immunocompromised, or have diabetes
- There is pelvic pain, fever, or unusual discharge (signals possible alternate diagnoses)
In these cases, a clinician may consider testing to confirm the cause and rule out other conditions (e.g., bacterial vaginosis or STIs).
When to Seek Care
- Symptoms persist or worsen
- Symptoms recur frequently
- New or unusual symptoms appear
- Pain interferes with daily activities
Medical Disclaimer: This content is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your symptoms or health concerns. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or seek immediate care
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