What is Pneumonia?

Chest X-ray showing fluid in lungs, next to a coughing patient with a blanket.

Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes inflammation and fluid build-up in the air sacs. It can be viral, bacterial, or fungal, with symptoms ranging from mild to life-threatening.

Quick Facts

Cough with mucus
Chest pain when breathing or coughing
Shortness of breath
Fever and chills
Fatigue
Confusion (especially in older adults)

Caused by bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pneumoniae), viruses (e.g., influenza, RSV), or fungi
Spread through airborne droplets or aspiration of fluids
Risk higher in elderly, infants, smokers, and those with chronic illness

Antibiotics: First-line treatment for bacterial pneumonia

Antivirals: For viral causes (e.g., flu-related)

Hospital care: Oxygen therapy or IV antibiotics for severe cases

Pneumococcal vaccine: Prevents common bacterial pneumonia strains

Specialties That Treat This Condition

Male patient testing his breathing for pulmonary disease by using a spirometry.

Pulmonology

Primary Care

Infectious Disease

What To Do Next?

If symptoms persist or interfere with daily life, a healthcare provider can help evaluate the cause and discuss appropriate next steps.

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Medical Disclaimer: This content is provided for general educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Conditions and treatment options vary by individual. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding symptoms or medical concerns.