HIV and AIDS

Scanning electromicrograph of an HIV-infected H9 T-cell. Credit: NIAID

HIV is a chronic viral infection that attacks the immune system. If untreated, it can progress to AIDS, the most advanced stage marked by severe immune deficiency and increased risk of serious infections.

Early: Fever, chills, sore throat, rash, fatigue

Chronic: Weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, recurrent infections

Advanced (AIDS): Opportunistic infections, night sweats, persistent diarrhea

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): The main treatment that suppresses HIV replication and protects the immune system.

Prophylactic Antibiotics: Prevent opportunistic infections in advanced disease stages.

Routine Lab Monitoring: CD4 count and viral load tests guide treatment effectiveness.

HIV Prevention (PrEP/PEP): Medications taken before or after potential exposure to reduce infection risk.

Counseling & Support: Mental health and lifestyle support are essential for long-term management.

Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), typically via unprotected sex, sharing needles, or mother-to-child transmission.

HIV attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 T cells.

Healthcare Providers

Symptoms