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HIV and AIDS

Scanning electromicrograph of an HIV-infected H9 T-cell. Credit: NIAID

HIV is a chronic viral infection that attacks the immune system. If untreated, it can progress to AIDS, the most advanced stage marked by severe immune deficiency and increased risk of serious infections.

  • Early: Fever, chills, sore throat, rash, fatigue
  • Chronic: Weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, recurrent infections
  • Advanced (AIDS): Opportunistic infections, night sweats, persistent diarrhea
  • Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): The main treatment that suppresses HIV replication and protects the immune system.
  • Prophylactic Antibiotics: Prevent opportunistic infections in advanced disease stages.
  • Routine Lab Monitoring: CD4 count and viral load tests guide treatment effectiveness.
  • HIV Prevention (PrEP/PEP): Medications taken before or after potential exposure to reduce infection risk.
  • Counseling & Support: Mental health and lifestyle support are essential for long-term management.
  • Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), typically via unprotected sex, sharing needles, or mother-to-child transmission.
  • HIV attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 T cells.
  • Healthcare Providers

    Symptoms

  • Early: Fever, chills, sore throat, rash, fatigue
  • Chronic: Weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, recurrent infections
  • Advanced (AIDS): Opportunistic infections, night sweats, persistent diarrhea
  • Causes

  • Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), typically via unprotected sex, sharing needles, or mother-to-child transmission.
  • HIV attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 T cells.
  • Treatments

  • Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): The main treatment that suppresses HIV replication and protects the immune system.
  • Prophylactic Antibiotics: Prevent opportunistic infections in advanced disease stages.
  • Routine Lab Monitoring: CD4 count and viral load tests guide treatment effectiveness.
  • HIV Prevention (PrEP/PEP): Medications taken before or after potential exposure to reduce infection risk.
  • Counseling & Support: Mental health and lifestyle support are essential for long-term management.
  • Specialties That Treat This Condition

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