HIV and AIDS
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system. If untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), the most advanced stage of the infection.
Quick Facts
- HIV is a manageable chronic condition with modern treatment
- AIDS is the advanced stage of untreated or poorly controlled HIV
- HIV is transmitted through specific body fluids, not casual contact
- Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent progression to AIDS
- People with well-controlled HIV can live long, healthy lives
Symptoms of HIV and/or AIDS
- Fever or chills
- Fatigue
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Sore throat or rash
- Persistent infections
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Chronic diarrhea
- Neurologic or cognitive change
What Causes HIV & AIDS?
HIV is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system by attacking CD4 cells. Without treatment, ongoing immune damage can lead to AIDS.
HIV is transmitted through:
- Unprotected sexual contact
- Sharing needles or injection equipment
- Blood exposure
- Transmission from parent to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding
Symptoms of HIV and/or AIDS
People at higher risk for HIV include those who:
- Have unprotected sex
- Share needles or injection equipment
- Have multiple sexual partners
- Have a partner with HIV who is not virally suppressed
- Have limited access to preventive care or testing
Treatment Options for HIV/AIDS
There is no cure for HIV, but effective treatment allows most people to live normal lives. Treatment options include:
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control viral replication
- Regular monitoring of viral load and immune function
- Preventive care for opportunistic infections
- Ongoing primary and specialty care coordination
Early and consistent treatment can prevent progression to AIDS.
Specialties That Treat This Condition
What To Do Next?
If symptoms persist or interfere with daily life, a healthcare provider can help evaluate the cause and discuss appropriate next steps.
Medical Disclaimer: This content is provided for general educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Conditions and treatment options vary by individual. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider regarding symptoms or medical concerns.