COVID-19
COVID-19 is a viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, first identified in 2019. While many people experience mild or moderate symptoms, others—particularly older adults or those with chronic conditions—may face life-threatening complications such as pneumonia, blood clots, or organ failure. Even after recovery, some individuals experience long COVID, with symptoms lingering for weeks or months.
Quick Facts
- Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
- Spreads mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact
- Symptoms can range from mild to severe
- Higher risk for older adults and those with chronic conditions
- Vaccination and prior exposure may reduce severity
Symptoms
COVID-19 symptoms can vary and may appear within a few days after exposure.
Common symptoms include:
- Fever or chills
- Cough
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Muscle or body aches
- Headache
- Sore throat
- Congestion or runny nose
- Loss of taste or smell (less common in newer variants)
Some people may have mild symptoms or no symptoms at all.
Causes
COVID-19 is caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
It spreads through:
- Respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking
- Close contact with an infected person
- Airborne particles in certain indoor environments
Transmission is more likely in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces.
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk for more severe illness if you:
- Are older than 65
- Have chronic conditions such as heart disease, lung disease, or diabetes
- Have a weakened immune system
- Are pregnant
- Have obesity
Treatments
At-Home Care
- Rest and hydration
- Over-the-counter medications for fever and symptoms
- Monitoring symptoms
Medications
- Antiviral medications for higher-risk patients (when prescribed early)
- Supportive care as recommended by a provider
Hospital Care (if needed)
- Oxygen therapy
- Advanced respiratory support
Treatment depends on symptom severity and individual risk factors.
When to Seek Care
Contact a healthcare provider if you have:
- Symptoms that worsen or do not improve
- Persistent fever
- Shortness of breath
Seek emergency care if you experience:
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain or pressure
- Confusion
- Bluish lips or face
