How to Recognize an Opioid Overdose (and Why Carrying Narcan Can Save a Life)

Opioid overdoses are a growing public health crisis across the country—and they often happen when and where you least expect. Whether or not you use opioids yourself, knowing how to recognize the signs of an overdose and how to respond could save a life.

In honor of International Overdose Awareness Day (August 31), here's what everyone should know about spotting an opioid overdose and using naloxone (Narcan).

What Is an Opioid Overdose?

An opioid overdose happens when opioids slow down a person’s breathing and central nervous system to the point that they stop breathing entirely. Without rapid intervention, this can lead to brain damage or death.

Common opioids include:

• Prescription painkillers (like oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine)
• Heroin
• Synthetic opioids (like fentanyl, which is up to 50x more powerful than heroin)

Signs of an Opioid Overdose

Opioid overdoses can happen quickly, but early recognition is critical. Look for these warning signs:

• Slow, shallow, or stopped breathing
• Unresponsiveness or unconsciousness
• Limp body
• Pinpoint (tiny) pupils
• Pale, blue, or cold skin
• Gurgling, choking, or snoring-like sounds

If someone shows these signs, call 911 immediately.

What Is Narcan (Naloxone)?

Narcan is a life-saving medication that can reverse the effects of an opioid overdose within minutes. It's available as a nasal spray and can be administered by anyone—no medical training needed.

Key facts about Narcan:

• Works by temporarily blocking opioid receptors
• Safe to use even if the person isn’t actually overdosing
• Can be repeated if needed until emergency services arrive
• Available without a prescription at many pharmacies

Why You Should Carry Narcan

You don’t need to be an opioid user to encounter an overdose. A friend, family member, coworker, or even a stranger at a public event could be affected.

Carrying Narcan is an act of care. It’s safe, legal, and easy to use.

How to Get Narcan in California

In California, Narcan is available over-the-counter at many pharmacies, or free through local health departments and community organizations.

You can also ask your primary care provider for guidance.

Final Thought: Anyone Can Save a Life

Opioid overdoses can affect anyone. Learning the signs and carrying Narcan empowers you to act fast during a crisis. On August 31—and every day—let’s protect our communities with knowledge, compassion, and preparedness.

Know the signs. Carry Narcan. Save a life.