Hernias
A hernia occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue, often appearing as a visible bulge and causing discomfort or pain.
Quick Facts
- Hernias are common and can affect people of all ages
- They often develop in the abdomen or groin
- Some hernias cause no symptoms initially
- Hernias do not heal on their own
- Surgical repair is the only definitive treatment
Symptoms
Hernia symptoms vary by type and severity and may include:
- A visible bulge, especially when standing or straining
- Pain or discomfort at the site of the bulge
- Pressure or heaviness in the abdomen or groin
- Burning or aching sensation
- Worsening pain with lifting, coughing, or bending
- Nausea or vomiting in severe cases
Causes
Hernias develop when pressure pushes tissue through a weakened area of muscle or connective tissue.
Common causes and contributing factors include:
- Muscle weakness present at birth
- Heavy lifting or straining
- Chronic coughing or constipation
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Previous surgery or injury
Risk Factors
You may be at higher risk for hernias if you:
- Perform heavy physical labor
- Have chronic coughing or constipation
- Are overweight or obese
- Are pregnant
- Have a family history of hernias
- Have had prior abdominal surgery
Treatments
Treatment depends on the type of hernia and severity of symptoms and may include:
- Watchful waiting for small, asymptomatic hernias
- Lifestyle changes to reduce strain
- Surgical repair, including open or minimally invasive techniques
- Emergency surgery for complicated or trapped hernias
Surgery is the only definitive way to repair a hernia. Untreated hernias may lead to complications like strangulation or obstruction. Visit our hernia surgery website.
When to Seek Care
See a doctor if you notice a new bulge, experience increasing pain, or have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or inability to pass stool, which may indicate a medical emergency.
