Hernias

• Visible bulge or lump, especially when standing or straining
• Pain or discomfort in the abdomen or groin
• Heaviness or pressure sensation
• Acid reflux or heartburn (hiatal hernia)
• Nausea or vomiting in severe cases

• Weakness in the abdominal wall (congenital or age-related)
• Heavy lifting or straining
• Chronic coughing or constipation
• Obesity or pregnancy
• Prior surgeries weakening the abdominal muscles

• Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, avoiding strain, managing acid reflux
• Support garments: Temporary symptom relief
• Minimally invasive surgery: Laparoscopic or robotic hernia repair
• Open surgery: Often used for large or complicated hernias

Surgery is the only definitive way to repair a hernia. Untreated hernias may lead to complications like strangulation or obstruction.