Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs suddenly and requires immediate medical attention.
Quick Facts
- Anaphylaxis can develop within minutes of allergen exposure
- Common triggers include foods, medications, and insect stings
- Symptoms can rapidly affect breathing, blood pressure, and consciousness
- Immediate treatment with epinephrine is critical
- Anyone with a history of severe allergies is at higher risk
Symptoms
- Difficulty breathing or wheezing
- Swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or face
- Hives, itching, or flushed skin
- Dizziness, fainting, or confusion
- Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea
- Rapid heartbeat or low blood pressure
Causes
Anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system overreacts to a substance it considers harmful. Common causes include:
- Food allergies (such as peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, or eggs)
- Insect stings or bites
- Medications, including antibiotics or pain relievers
- Latex exposure
- Exercise-induced or idiopathic (unknown cause) reactions
Risk Factors
People at higher risk for anaphylaxis include those who:
- Have known food, medication, or insect allergies
- Have a history of asthma or severe allergic reactions
- Have previously experienced anaphylaxis
- Are exposed frequently to known allergens
Treatments
- Epinephrine injection (auto-injector)
- Emergency medical services and monitoring
- Oxygen therapy or airway support
- Antihistamines or corticosteroids as follow-up care
- Long-term allergy management and avoidance strategies
When to Seek Care
Seek emergency medical care immediately if you or someone else experiences symptoms of anaphylaxis. If you have known allergies, see a doctor to develop an emergency action plan and discuss carrying an epinephrine auto-injector.
Medical Disclaimer: This content is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your symptoms or health concerns. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or seek immediate care
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